Efficient Natural Language Response Suggestion for Smart Reply

Abstract

This paper presents a computationally efficient machine-learned method for natural language response suggestion. Feed-forward neural networks using n-gram embedding features encode messages into vectors which are optimized to give message-response pairs a high dot-product value. An optimized search finds response suggestions. The method is evaluated in a large-scale commercial e-mail application, Inbox by Gmail. Compared to a sequence-to-sequence approach, the new system achieves the same quality at a small fraction of the computational requirements and latency.

Rami Al-Rfou

Senior Staff Research Scientist

My research interests include language modeling, self-supervision, sequetial modeling, and graph neural networks.